Mood disorders
· High- Anxious (mania)
· Mania- mental illness marked by periods of great excitement or euphoria, delusions, and overactivity
· Low-Depressed (Melancholia)
· Melancholia- deep sadness; melancholy or a mental condition marked by persistent depression and ill-founded fears
· Dysthymic- a mood disorder characterized by chronic mildly depressed or irritable mood often accompanied by other symptoms (such as eating and sleeping disturbances, fatigue, and poor self-esteem)
Mood= Affective disorder- how a person displays a specific behavior
· 3 descriptions of affective expression-
· Labile- Over the top, dramatic, very expressive, overt
· Constricted- Some what of an expression but not full truth
· Flat- Not to reactive, no expression
· Euthymic- Seem up, happy, very expressive, Normal, well
· Dysthymic- Consistent depression and showing signs of such
Van Der Kolk
Trauma- Teaches us about the multidimensional (multiple ways for it to be measured, the construct (idea) cannot be adequately described by measuring a single trait or attribute). Or to be multidimensional is to have your reality focused in multiple dimensions at one time.
Pharmacology- Medicine for trauma
CBT(Cognitive behavioral therapy)- Try to understand trauma
Bio-energetics- tactile assimilation (meditation, hypnosis, etc.)to help heal trauma.
Iboga-Ibogaine-A plant found in Africa helps treat crack addicts; takes people on a trip
Halographic concept- HOLOGRAPHIC THINKING involves our ability to see multiple perspectives at once. When we think holographically, we can view a situation as a whole, taking in not just one of its dimensions, but all of them.
Stress- Related Disorder (tend to be related to trauma)
· 2 types of stress-
· Distress (bad)- Prolonged feeling that forces you to respond and exhausts you, continually having to respond
· Eustress (good)- A positive form of psychological stress that is beneficial for the experiencer.
GAS- General adaptation syndrome- Is a term that describes the physiological changes the body automatically goes through when it responds to stress (The more stages your body goes through the greater risk of long lasting negative effects).
1. Alarm– Notice that there’s a distressor, The bodies sympathetic nervous system is activated by the sudden release of hormones, this nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system which regulates the function of your heart, stomach, bladder, and intestines and well as your muscles. The release of adrenaline and noradrenaline cause physical symptoms like increased heart rate, breathing rate, and rise in blood pressure
2. Resistance– when your body tries to repair itself after the initial shock of stress. If the stressful situation occurs where you do not resolve the stress your body will continue to secrete stress hormone. Can cause disturbances in the immune, digestive, cardiovascular, sleep, and reproductive systems. Examples, headaches, sleeplessness, sadness, frustration, irritability.
3. Exhaustion– Prolonged or chronic stress leads to the last stage of exhaustion. Enduring stressors without relief drains your physical, emotional, and mental resources to the point where your body is no longer able to cope with stress. Example- Could be committing suicide, Fatigue, burnout, decreased stress tolerance.
· Hormones- Instantly go into your blood stream
· Cortisol
· Adrenals
PTSD– is a disorder that develops in some people who have experienced a shocking, scary, or dangerous event. Fear triggers many split-second changes in the body to help defend against danger or to avoid it. This “fight-or-flight” response is a typical reaction meant to protect a person from harm. Nearly everyone will experience a range of reactions after trauma, yet most people recover from initial symptoms naturally. Those who continue to experience problems may be diagnosed with PTSD. People who have PTSD may feel stressed or frightened, even when they are not in danger.
· GAD- General anxiety disorder (conditioned behavior- learned behavior)- Feel anxious about everything, cannot pinpoint a specific reason for them to have anxiety, think about terrible things that could happen, feel like all they do is worry- In their nervous system not in their head, calm the body down so they can think clearer
· Medication
· Then reverse the learned behavior
Panic Disorder– No identified stressor, is an anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress. These episodes occur “out of the blue,” not in conjunction with a known fear or stressor.
Agoraphobia– Social anxiety, is a type of anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed. You fear an actual or anticipated situation, such as using public transportation, being in open or enclosed spaces, standing in line, or being in a crowd. Most people who have agoraphobia develop it after having one or more panic attacks, causing them to worry about having another attack and avoid the places where it may happen again.
Anxiety is a Fantasy= Anxiety
Panic is an Anxiety response
Anxiety can become a mania(where a person engages in extreme behavior)
March 8th
Fear is your natural response to an actual threat not a fantasy cause that is anxiety
Extreme expression= labile
· Somatization- Body complaint, someone stating that they have a stomach ache
· Hypochondriac– Sickness that has no problem they are just making it up in their minds, they become abnormally anxious about their health.
Clinical Assessment:
1. Cognitive expression- Expression is the mental/psychological process of conveying the meaning of. information to others through language – i.e., speaking, writing or gesturing. and is associated with crystallized ability.
2. Have they had any previous treatments
3. Is it Chronic(persisting for a long time or constantly recurring: Often contrasted with acute) or Acute (Acute conditions are severe and sudden in onset.)
4. Background- Background questions ask for general knowledge about a condition, test or treatment. These types of questions typically ask who, what, where, when, how & why about things like a disorder, test, or treatment, or other aspect of healthcare.
Selective Mutis– Unwilling to speak, may pick certain people they want to talk to or certain things they want to talk about, May have been from experience a traumatic event, or lack of comfortability specific ppl around people, can be associated with something bad. A little girl who had a move away after her father died(Thought she was the reason her father died because she moved after it happened and the rest of her siblings got to stay in Africa)
Dissociate Personality Disorder– Person who splits into at least 1 other alter ego that they then act out, that they may or may not be aware of; mental disorders that involve experiencing a disconnect & lack of continuity between memories, surroundings, actions
· Extreme for called identity disorder(multi personality disorder)- Almost always due to extreme physical abuse and can be sexual abuse too
· Reintegration therapy- treatment
Unspecified
· Bipolar 1 & 2- once it gets into
· Type 1 is You've had at least one manic episode that may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes. In some cases, mania may trigger a break from reality (psychosis).
· Type 2 isn’t as bad but might think about suicide, not sleeping; Bipolar II Disorder— defined by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, but not the full-blown manic episodes that are typical of Bipolar I Disorder. When You've had at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but you've never had a manic episode.
· Cyclothymic Disorder (also called Cyclothymia)— defined by periods of hypomanic symptoms as well as periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years (1 year in children and adolescents). However, the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode and a depressive episode.
· MDD(Major depressive disorder) single/recurrent (mild, severe)
· Persistent (Dysthymia) depressive disorder, is a continuous long-term (chronic) form of depression. You may lose interest in normal daily activities, feel hopeless, lack productivity, and have low self-esteem and an overall feeling of inadequacy. These feelings last for years and may significantly interfere with your relationships, school, work and daily activities.
· Adjustment DO w/ dep/mixed (Situational)
March 22
Disorder abnormal—————continuum—————Normal
Bio——-cause——-Behavior
D- label
S- Baselines
M- cook book (decision tree)
V- Revision
Psychosis- False reality testing, does the persons thinking match the society of reality. Split of break between thinking (mind) and feeling (emotions).
Ex. Hallucinations (perceptions)- visual, auditory, kinesthetic
Ex. Delusions (thoughts/reasoning)
Form
Schizoaffective
Schizoid- ambivalent with his emotions; Ambivalent-Not sure which way to go
March 29
Types of schizophrenia
Less than 6 months to be classified as a specific schizophrenia (can’t be classified cause haven’t showed the symptoms for 6 months)
Brief Psychosis– might have an episode , psychotic for a brief amount of time, might be schizophrenia and might not be, it’s the characteristic of hallucinations.
· Categories of schizophrenia
· Catatonia- is a group of symptoms that usually involve a lack of movement and communication, and also can include agitation, confusion, and restlessness.
· Paranoid– For example, you may hear voices that make fun of you or insult you. They might also tell you to do harmful things. Or you might see things that aren't really there.
· Undifferentiated- Feeling void of emotion · Lack of motivation or desire · Auditory hallucinations · Delusions · Movement disturbances · Disorganized speech Delusional
· Unspecified
· Due to (medical, etc.)
· Substance Induced
Not Schizophrenic but have similar behaviors to it, the splitting part
· Schizoid– Ambivalent (having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas)
· Schizotypal– peculiar affect(mood) that is childlike, magical thinking
· Schizoaffective– Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized primarily by symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations or delusions, and symptoms of a mood disorder, such as mania and depression. Many people with schizoaffective disorder are often incorrectly diagnosed at first with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Because schizoaffective disorder is less well-studied than the other two conditions, many interventions are borrowed from their treatment approaches.
· Borderline Personality Disorder- is an illness marked by an ongoing pattern of varying moods, self-image, and behavior. These symptoms often result in impulsive actions and problems in relationships. People with borderline personality disorder may experience intense episodes of anger, depression, and anxiety that can last from a few hours to days.
· Schizophreniform-
Personality
A. Paranoid- Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is one of a group of conditions called "Cluster A" personality disorders which involve odd or eccentric ways of thinking. People with PPD also suffer from paranoia, an unrelenting mistrust and suspicion of others, even when there is no reason to be suspicious. This disorder usually begins by early adulthood and appears to be more common in men than in women. ambivalent &
B. Antisocial, Histrionic, Narcissistic- (Borderline, dramatic category)-antisocial, selfish
C. Dependent, avoidant, obsessive compulsive- want it perfect, cleanliness, avoidant, dependent
How do you diagnose almond with ptsd